K-pop stars and groups are well known across Asia and have found international fame making millions of dollars in export revenue. South Korea is a multi-party state. Follow @SecBlinken for more from the Secretary. [325] Like the individually insured persons, they too are in charge of covering the full amount of the contribution. [387][388] The survival drama Squid Game, created by Hwang Dong-hyuk, received critical acclaim and widespread international attention upon its release, becoming Netflix's most-watched series at launch and garnering a viewership of more than 142 million households during its first four weeks from launch.[389][390][391][392]. [400][401] The Korea Professional Baseball league, a 10-team circuit, was established in 1982. Since June, 2021 the United States has shared 1,412,800 safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine doses with the people of South Korea - free of cost. "M" means multiple times. Goguryeo, the largest and most powerful among them, was a highly militaristic state,[39] and competed with various Chinese dynasties during its 700 years of history. Kings Yeongjo and Jeongjo particularly led a new renaissance of the Joseon dynasty during the 18th century. South Korea has won more medals in the Winter Olympics than any other Asian country, with a total of 45 (23 gold, 14 silver, and 8 bronze). It is a unitary state, containing forty-seven administrative divisions, with the Emperor as its Head of State. South Korea National Statistical Office's 19th Population and Housing Census (2015): A Brief History of the US-Korea Relations Prior to 1945. [241], There were no formal diplomatic ties between South Korea and Japan directly after independence the end of World WarII in 1945. Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BCE. [123], On 29 October 2022, at least 153 people were crushed to death when a crowd surged in an alleyway during Halloween festivities in Seoul's Itaewon district. [102][103] In addition, virtually all of Korea's major cities were destroyed by the war.[104]. [218] According to one ranking, it has the world's second best healthcare system. South Korea is a regional power and a highly developed country, with its economy being ranked as the world's thirteenth-largest by nominal GDP and the fourteenth-largest by GDP (PPP). There followed a series of massive public demonstrations from November 2016[117] and she was removed from office. President Lee Myung-bak declared in May 2010 that Seoul would cut all trade with North Korea as part of measures primarily aimed at striking back at North Korea diplomatically and financially, except for the joint Kaesong Industrial Project and humanitarian aid. ", "South Korea's Education Success Has a Dark Side", "Why South Korea Is So Fixated With the College-Entrance Exam", "Vocational Education and Training in Korea: Achieving the Enhancement of National Competitiveness", "Drive for education drives South Korean families into the red", "South Korean education ranks high, but it's the kids who pay", "South Koreans Consider The Trades Over University Education", "Korea Awash with the Under-Skilled and Overeducated", "High performance, high pressure in South Korea's education system", "South Korea's schools: Long days, high results", "The Pressures of the South Korean Education System", "Korea: Overview of the Education System (EAG 2019)", "South Korean students wracked with stress", "Intensely Competitive Education In South Korea Leads to Education Fever", "The All-Work, No-Play Culture Of South Korean Education", "Korea's Rigorous Education System Has Delivered Growth, but It is Literally Killing the Country's Youth", "Over 3 Million Highly Educated People Unemployed", "Lee calls for end to prejudices against non-college graduates", "S Korea's vocational education needs to tackle its shortcomings", "Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism 2012", "Christianity, Shamanism, and Modernization in South Korea", Health at a Glance 2015 |OECD READ edition, "Revealed: Countries With The Best Health Care Systems, 2019 > CEOWORLD magazine", "Suicide rates, age standardized Data by country", "Life expectancy increased by 5 years since 2000, but health inequalities persist", "WHO World Health Statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs", "Can North Korea get South to join dispute with Japan over two islands in Asia? Ancient architects adopted the bracket system characterized by thatched roofs and heated floors called ondol. On 6 July 2011, Pyeongchang was chosen by the IOC to host the 2018 Winter Olympics. [113], In 2010, there was an escalation in attacks by North Korea. The Seoul National Capital Area has 24.5 million inhabitants (about half of South Korea's entire population) making it the world's second largest metropolitan area. South Korea has a government which is a Unitary State. [179], South Korea is one of the top-performing OECD countries in reading literacy, mathematics and sciences with the average student scoring 519, compared with the OECD average of 492, placing it ninth in the world. The South Korea national team finished third in the 2006 World Baseball Classic and second in the 2009 tournament. [115], South Korea saw another milestone in 2012 with the first ever female president Park Geun-hye elected and assuming office. [356] South Korea,[b] officially the Republic of Korea (ROK),[c] is a country in East Asia. Various media outlets attribute the country's high suicide rate to the nationwide anxiety around the country's college entrance exams, which determine the trajectory of students' entire lives and careers. Following the coup d'tat, Chun Doo-hwan planned to rise to power through several measures. After an ebb and flow that saw both sides facing defeat with massive losses among Korean civilians in both the north and the south, the war eventually reached a stalemate. [125], South Korea can be divided into four general regions: an eastern region of high mountain ranges and narrow coastal plains; a western region of broad coastal plains, river basins, and rolling hills; a southwestern region of mountains and valleys; and a southeastern region dominated by the broad basin of the Nakdong River. President Biden committed the United States to be the worlds arsenal for vaccines, leading an international and coordinated vaccination effort, and announced that the United States will provide 1.2 billion doses of safe, effective vaccines free of cost to meet global needs and save lives now. Christianity's similarity to native religious narratives has been studied as another factor that contributed to its success in the peninsula. Gija Joseon was purportedly founded in the 12th century BCE, but its existence and role have been controversial in the modern era. The executive and legislative branches operate primarily at the national level, although various ministries in the executive branch also carry out local functions. [126], South Korea has 20 national parks and popular nature places like the Boseong Tea Fields, Suncheon Bay Ecological Park, and the first national park of Jirisan.[128]. The Korean kingdoms also ruled over some Chinese kingdoms including the Khitan people and the Manchurians before the Qing dynasty and received tributes from them. The name Korea derives from the name Goryeo. This allowed the UN to intervene in a civil war when it became apparent that the superior North Korean forces would unify the entire country. Germany is not a unitary state because it is a federal republic state which means that there's authority within the central government and individual political units but the central government cannot take away power from the political units. EveR-1 has been succeeded by more complex models with improved movement and vision. [189] With incredible pressure on high school students to secure places at the nation's best universities, its institutional reputation and alumni networks are strong predictors of future career prospects. [322] South Korea's pension system structure is primarily based on taxation and is income-related. transitional governments) It remained the state religion in Later Silla (North South States Period) and Goryeo. The unification of the Three Kingdoms by Silla in 676 led to the North South States Period, in which much of the Korean Peninsula was controlled by Later Silla, while Balhae controlled the northern parts of Goguryeo. The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period. The Liancourt Rocks were the first Korean territories to be forcibly colonized by Japan in 1905. In the aftermath of the 1988 Seoul Olympics, South Korea has witnessed a wide variation of styles in its architectural landscape due, in large part, to the opening up of the market to foreign architects. During the war, Rhee's party promoted the One-People Principle (based on the German ideology of the Herrenvolk) an effort to build an obedient citizenry through ethnic homogeneity and authoritarian appeals to nationalism. The Hyundai Research Institute reported that the Korean Wave has a direct impact in encouraging direct foreign investment back into the country through demand for products, and the tourism industry. [11][12][13] It is a member of the OECD's Development Assistance Committee, the G20, the IPEF, and the Paris Club. [214] The Japanese colonization of the first half of the 20th century further strengthened the identification of Christianity with Korean nationalism, as the Japanese coopted native Korean Sindo into the Nipponic Imperial Shinto that they tried to establish in the peninsula. [367], The industrialization and urbanization of South Korea have brought many changes to the way modern Koreans live. [152][153], A centralized administration in South Korea oversees the process for the education of children from kindergarten to the third and final year of high school. All South Korean males are constitutionally required to serve in the military, typically 18 months. Voluntarily insured persons are not subjected to mandatory coverage but can choose to be. [296], South Korea became a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1996.[297]. The following list includes the largest South Korean companies by revenue in 2017 who are all listed as part of the Fortune Global 500: South Korea has a technologically advanced transport network consisting of high-speed railways, highways, bus routes, ferry services, and air routes that crisscross the country. a.) 3 October is National Foundation Day. The easternmost islands of South Korea include Ulleungdo and Liancourt Rocks (Dokdo/Takeshima), while Marado and Socotra Rock are the southernmost islands of South Korea. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. Art was influenced by various international events and exhibits in Korea, and with it brought more diversity. In March 2018, the U.S. and the Republic of Korea reached an agreement on the renegotiation of the KORUS FTA. Despite the initial plan of a unified Korea in the 1943 Cairo Declaration, escalating Cold War antagonism between the Soviet Union and the United States eventually led to the establishment of separate governments, each with its own ideology, leading to the division of Korea into two political entities in 1948: North Korea and South Korea. [289] The South Korean economy is heavily dependent on international trade, and in 2014, South Korea was the fifth-largest exporter and seventh-largest importer in the world. The emergence of the South Korean pop group Seo Taiji and Boys in 1992 marked a turning point for South Korean popular music, also known as K-pop, as the genre modernized itself from incorporating elements of popular musical genres from across the world such as Western popular music, experimental, jazz, gospel, Latin, classical, hip hop, rhythm and blues, electronic dance, reggae, country, folk, and rock on top of its uniquely traditional Korean music roots. R.O.K. Eventually, Chun's party, the Democratic Justice Party, and its leader, Roh Tae-woo, announced the June 29 Declaration, which included the direct election of the president. Korail provides frequent train services to all major South Korean cities. The school year is divided into two semesters, the first of which begins at the beginning of March and ends in mid-July, the second of which begins in late August and ends in mid-February. By early 2009, relationships between North and South Korea were very tense; North Korea had been reported to have deployed missiles,[228] ended its former agreements with South Korea,[229] and threatened South Korea and the United States not to interfere with a satellite launch it had planned. South Korea is also the second-largest missionary-sending nation, after the United States.[216]. [109] Later that year, Kim received the Nobel Peace Prize "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular". Korean art has been highly influenced by Buddhism and Confucianism, which can be seen in the many traditional paintings, sculptures, ceramics and the performing arts. Its massive investment in education has taken the country from mass illiteracy to a major international technological powerhouse. [251][252], Longstanding issues such as Japanese war crimes against Korean civilians, the negationist re-writing of Japanese textbooks relating Japanese atrocities during World WarII, the territorial disputes over the Liancourt Rocks, known in South Korea as "Dokdo" and in Japan as "Takeshima",[253] and visits by Japanese politicians to the Yasukuni Shrine, honoring Japanese people (civilians and military) killed during the war continue to trouble Korean-Japanese relations. In the other states of the Three Kingdoms Period, Goguryeo and Baekje, it was made the state religion respectively in 372 and 528. [227] On 4 October 2007, Roh Moo-Hyun and North Korean leader Kim Jong-il signed an eight-point agreement on issues of permanent peace, high-level talks, economic cooperation, renewal of train services, highway and air travel, and a joint Olympic cheering squad. In response to then-Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's visits to the Yasukuni Shrine, former President Roh Moo-hyun suspended all summit talks between South Korea and Japan in 2009. [138][139], Seoul's tap water recently became safe to drink, with city officials branding it "Arisu" in a bid to convince the public. [341][342], South Korea has sent up 10 satellites since 1992, all using foreign rockets and overseas launch pads, notably Arirang-1 in 1999, and Arirang-2 in 2006 as part of its space partnership with Russia. Football has traditionally been regarded as the most popular sport in Korea, with Baseball as the second. [146] Under its current constitution the state is sometimes referred to as the Sixth Republic of South Korea. About nine million people belong to one of the hundred different Presbyterian churches; the biggest ones are the HapDong Presbyterian Church, TongHap Presbyterian Church and the Koshin Presbyterian Church. In 2015, South Korea ranked third highest globally in cosmetic procedures per capita. [107], South Korea was formally invited to become a member of the United Nations in 1991. [317], In 2016, 17 million foreign tourists visited South Korea. From time to time, South Korea has sent its troops overseas to assist American forces. Several Korean players have gone on to play in Major League Baseball. Advertisements Is Cameroon a unitary state? 4. Chun's assumption of the presidency through the events of 17 May triggered nationwide protests demanding democracy; these protests were particularly focused in the city of Gwangju, to which Chun sent special forces to violently suppress the Gwangju Democratization Movement. Although it was again returned to Korea along with the rest of its territory in 1951 with the signing of the Treaty of San Francisco, Japan does not recant on its claims that the Liancourt Rocks are Japanese territory. However, the Manchus took advantage of Joseon's war-weakened state and invaded in 1627 and 1637, and then went on to conquer the destabilized Ming dynasty. The South Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism actively encourages the traditional arts, as well as modern forms, through funding and education programs. In 1982 12th century BCE, but its existence and role have been controversial in the peninsula, industrialization. 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